![]() ![]() This may explain the generally more advanced degree of evolutionary specialization in Capreolinae, the development of additional enamel folds in the molars (the Palaeomeryx fold and the protoconal fold), which are better developed in the Capreolinae, and a more advanced specialization of premolars in the Capreolinae if compared to the Cervinae. The dichotomy of Cervinae and Capreolinae, perhaps, is a consequence of the first expansion of Miocene ancestors of Capreolinae into the ecologically less favorable parts of Central and Boreal Asia. loczii that seems to be closer to the hypothesized forerunner of New World Capreolinae and the Pliocervus-Pavlodaria lineage that may be close to modern Capreolus and Hydropotes. Apparently, several lineages of Capreolinae evolved in Northern Eurasia before Mio-Pliocene boundary: the archaic Procapreolus lineage that does not have direct descendants in the modern fauna the little known P. moldavicus stands closer to a forerunner of the stock that radiated to New World deer than to modern Capreolus. The analysis of cranial morphology and dentition of Procapreolus moldavicus revealed a set of primitive capreoline cranial characters, combined with orientation of pedicles as in modern Odocoileus and primitive Muntiacus-like characters (large upper canines, long pedicles, deep and large preorbital fossae). Both Pliocervus and Pavlodaria share the same orientation and position on the skull of pedicles as modern Capreolus. Pliocervus and Pavlodaria, must be phylogenetically very close or even synonymous. matheroni close to Late Miocene Pavlodaria orlovi from the Hipparion fauna of Kazakhstan. Some characters (parallel orientation of long pedicles situated very close each from another antler shape, dental morphology, developed upper canines) place P. Pliocervus matheroni from Late Miocene of Europe is poorly known with unclear systematic position. ![]() The report proposes a revision of poorly known fossil cervid forms and a new look on Late Neogene cervid phylogeny with implication of known already data from mitochondrial and nuclear genetic analysis.
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